Appendix V

Syllabus for operation and maintenance staff who will be engaged in the operation and maintenance of hydro-electric generating station

Item No	Particulars	Number of hours
I	Concept of modern hydro-station : Type of station, its role in the power system, base load, peak load operation, plant layout, capacity; underground power station, hydraulic and electrical design features, inter-connection with other stations.	3
II	Hydraulic system; reservoirs-types of reservoirs, storage capacity, operation of reservoirs, intake tower, surge tank, tunnels, forebays and pen-stocks, protection against water hammer and negative pressure in penstocks, provision for draining penstocks.	3
III	Type of valves: Butterfly valve, spherical valve, needle valve, their operation and control	3
IV	Water turbines-types of turbines; their characteristics, ratings, specifications, constructional details.	2
V	Governing system; control circuit for governing, types of governors, pendulum, hydraulic, electronic.	3
V	Governing system; control circuit for governing, types of governors, pendulum, hydraulic, electronic.	3
VI	Generator: type and rating, cooling and ventilation system, bearing cooling arrangements, lubrication system, construction and characteristics of generators, split, phase, double layer winding, synchronising, loading, grounding of generator neutral	3
VII	Excitation system, types of excitors, voltage control, automatic voltage control, amplifying control, magnetic amplifier.	5
VIII	Generator protection: earth fault (rotor and stator), negative phase sequence, differential protection, backup protection, reverse power protection, under voltage protection, constructional details of the relays used, method of setting and their testing.	10
IX	Hydraulic and electrical protective device, load frequency	3
X	Starting shutting down and operation procedure	3
XI	Power transformer connections, parallel operation, three single-phase unit versus three-phase unit, regulation, voltage control, tap changing, weights and size grounding.	5
XII	Transformer protection: Buchholz relay, over-current, differential and earth fault protection, types of relay used, their construction testing and settings.	5
XIII	Transformers-commissioning :Di-electric strength of oil, insulation, resistance, tap, changer, filtration of oil, pre- commissioning testing.	3
XIV	Cooling system for transformers.	2
XV	Circuit breakers, isolator diconnectors bus bar arrangements, charging and synchronising with the grid, disconnecting for repairs, maintenance of switch gear contractors.	4
XVI	Maintenance of equipments in the outdoor switchyard, current transformers, potential transformers and lighting arrestors, erection, operation and maintenance.	4
XVII	Cables-high voltage, oil filled, cable, types of cables used, rating of cables, layout testing.	4
XVIII	Principle of electronic controls and transistorised circuits.	3
XIX	Pneumatic and electric transmitters and receivers, servomotors.	3
XX	Control Board-layout, indicating and recording instruments for monitoring and supervision, remote control of various equipments, signalling and interlocking, automatic reclosure of breakers on outgoing lines and enunciation system.	3
XXI	Interlocking sequential control circuits, details of components used.	4
XXII	Calibration and testing of various types of instruments, 4 indicting, recording and analysers..
XXIII	Study of communication system.	1
XXIV	House turbines set-its functions and use.	1
XXV	Station transformers, alternating current, auxiliary supply, essential auxiliaries, auxiliaries in emergency, study of single line diagrams. Station transformers, alternating current, auxiliary supply, essential auxiliaries, auxiliaries in emergency, study of single line diagrams	3
XXVI	Station direct current system-storage battery, rectifiers motor generator set, etc., their control and operation, standby source of station power, automatic changeover to standby source of supply.	3
XXVII	Records-(hourly, daily, monthly, annually) of operations.	2
XXVIII	Flow diagram and single line diagram for hydraulic and electrical systems in the station	5
XXIX	Air conditioning and ventilation plant, compressors.	2
XXX	Operation under emergency conditions.	2
XXXI	General plant maintenance procedures.	3
XXXII	Cranes, hoists-characteristics and controls.	2
XXXIII	Statutory Electricity Acts and Rules, permit procedure.	2
XXXIV	Fire-fighting.	6
XXXV	General safety precautions, first aid.	6
XXXVI	Personnel management, duties and responsibilities, labour laws and labour welfare.	4
Total Hours		124